The 2005–06 FIBA EuroCup Challenge was the fourth edition of Europe's fourth-tier level transnational competition for men's professional basketball clubs.

The Russian team Ural Great Perm won the title, after beating the Ukrainian team Khimik in the double-legged final.

The top 16 were two-legged ties determined on aggregate score.

The quarterfinals were two-legged ties determined on aggregate score.

The semifinals were two-legged ties determined on aggregate score.