[8] Following Đinđić's assassination in March 2003, parliamentary elections were held in December, although they were inconclusive due to low voter turnout.

[11]: 19  Majority of the voters had voted in favor of independence, which marked the end of State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

[18] After the adoption of the new constitution, minority and human rights would be guaranteed, while Vojvodina also received a form of self-rule.

The title of Ombudsman would be introduced alongside the right to constitutional appeal against individual acts of state bodies.

The role of the Constitutional Court would be strengthened, which together with the National Assembly could replace the directly elected president.

[6] Journalist Slobodan Bubnjević [sr] pointed out that in the third paragraph of Article 24 it is mentioned that "cloning of human beings is prohibited".

Even President Tadić acknowledged that "...I sense a certain uneasiness that we did not have a full public discussion about the constitution, due to the speed and pace at which it was seems to be adopted".

Critics pointed that it's hypocritical to exclude Albanian voters from the balloting about the document which states that Kosovo is part of Serbia.

Political analyst and president of Transparency Serbia Vladimir Goati said that "It is pointless to state that they are not on the voter list, because they are boycotting all Serbian elections.

[25] Also, opponents of the constitution such as Serbia's Liberal Party[26] pointed out that the decision of the Republic Election Commission that potentially an extra number of ballots would be ignored, was unlawful and outrageous.

They objected to the lack of public discussion, argued that the claims to Kosovo in the preamble were a populist attempt to encourage the voters.

[21] The Democratic Party (DS), Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO), New Serbia (NS), and G17 Plus began campaigning soon after.

He later criticized MPs Goran Svilanović, Nataša Mićić, and Žarko Korać for not signing in favor of the draft document.

[6] Sportspeople Dejan Stanković, Novak Djokovic, and film director Emir Kusturica called for citizens to vote in favor.

Preliminary results that were published by the Republic Electoral Commission (RIK) showed that 51.5% of voters had voted in favor of the draft.

[30] The turnout in Vojvodina was also low (45.9%),[29] as several regional parties and NGOs called for a boycott, stating that the degree of the province's autonomy was insufficient.

[34] Žarko Korać criticized the draft and stated that it was shown "as the crown of state-building efforts of Koštunica's government to "save" Serbia".