The 2010 UCI Road World Championships took place in Geelong and Melbourne, Australia, over 5 days from 29 September to 3 October 2010.

Coincidentally, the title's defender at the road race was an Australian, Cadel Evans, who has a home in Barwon Heads, only 20 km from Geelong.

The first event, the men's under-23 time trial resulted in a win for Taylor Phinney, who went on to share third place in the U-23 road race, which was won from a group sprint by Michael Matthews of Australia.

In the women's events, Olympic silver medallist Emma Pooley became the first British rider to win the time trial, and Giorgia Bronzini, bronze medallist in the 2007 championships, won from a three rider chase group.

Switzerland's Fabian Cancellara successfully defended his men's time trial title, achieving a record fourth win: and in the final, showpiece event, Thor Hushovd became the first Norwegian winner, and a bronze for Allan Davis clinched top place in the medal table for the hosts.