The 2016–17 Western Illinois Leathernecks women's basketball team represented Western Illinois University.

The Leathernecks, were coached by JD Gravina and were members of The Summit League.

They finished the season 26–7, 13–3 in Summit League play to finish in first place.

[1] They won The Summit League Women's Tournament, defeating IUPUI 77–69 in overtime.

They were invited to the NCAA Women's Tournament for the first time since 1995, where they lost to Florida State in the first round.