The 2017 Rochester Rhinos season was the club's 22nd overall and seventh with the United Soccer League, now known as the USL Championship.

The Rhinos returned to playing in Division II of men's professional soccer, as the USL and all its teams were promoted from Division III after the 2016 season.

They looked to return to the USL playoffs after losing to the New York Red Bulls II in the conference semifinals the previous year.

This was the Rhinos' final season in the second tier of American professional soccer.

The team initially announced that it would go on hiatus for the 2018 season.