However, the proposal to reintroduce bicamerality was decisively rejected, largely due to modifications made by Congress that weakened presidential powers, leading Vizcarra to withdraw his support for the measure.

These reforms sought to: (1) restructure the National Council of the Magistracy, the body responsible for appointing judges and prosecutors, (2) prohibit private funding for political campaigns, (3) ban the reelection of parliamentarians, and (4) reinstate a bicameral system in Congress.

[6] His initiative garnered support from several organizations, including Transparency International, which noted that Vizcarra’s commitment to reform was a rare and valuable opportunity for Peru.

[7] Similarly, The Washington Post highlighted that his firm response to a corruption scandal involving the judiciary had generated optimism about restoring integrity in public life.

Leftist lawmaker Marisa Glave, previously critical of Vizcarra, praised the proposal, acknowledging its resonance with a populace disillusioned by corruption yet disengaged from politics.

[9] Faced with opposition from Congress, Vizcarra threatened to invoke a constitutional provision allowing the president to dissolve the legislature if it denied a second vote of confidence.

[2] Both President Vizcarra and political analysts acknowledged that the referendum marked only the initial step in addressing the entrenched corruption in Peru.

[17] Vizcarra emphasized the symbolic timing of the vote, which took place on International Anti-Corruption Day and the anniversary of the 1824 Battle of Ayacucho, a pivotal event in securing independence for Peru and much of South America.

"[17] Similarly, The Economist observed that while Vizcarra was previously a relatively unknown figure, having served as governor of a small coastal region, his firm stance against corruption and a congress controlled by the Popular Force party, led by Keiko Fujimori, had allowed him to seize a critical political opportunity.

Leaked recordings had revealed connections between the judiciary, organized crime, and members of Popular Force, prompting widespread public discontent.