Republican opposition came largely from members of the conservative Freedom Caucus who believed that some of the bill's provisions would liberalize immigration policy.

Democratic opposition was largely due to the proposed changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) that would impose work requirements for recipients.

[7] Sticking points were said to be SNAP work requirements, commodity and energy policy, funding, and cotton and other crop subsidies.

[8][9] In late November, a compromise had been reached, removing SNAP work requirements, and the legislation was voted on and passed by the end of the year.

[21] The hemp legalization is restricted to plants with low levels of delta-9-THC, the psychoactive cannabinoid primarily present in marijuana.