Barcelona competed in La Liga, Copa del Rey, Supercopa de España and UEFA Champions League.

Head coach Ernesto Valverde was replaced by Quique Setién in January 2020 after a Supercopa defeat to Atlético Madrid, but that did not improve the team's fortunes, as they lost the closely fought title race to Real Madrid and were infamously defeated 8–2 by Bayern Munich in a one-legged Champions League quarter-final tie.

[4] On 12 July, Barcelona signed Antoine Griezmann from Atlético Madrid after triggering his €120,000,000 buyout clause.

[7] On 18 July, Barcelona and Getafe reached an agreement for the loan of Cucurella to the Madrid side for the rest of the season with an option to buy for €6 million.

[8] On 2 August, Barça and Russian Premier League club Zenit St Petersburg agreed to the transfer of Malcom for a fee of €45,000,000 plus variables.

[10] On 16 August, Barça started their season in a 0–1 away defeat to Athletic Bilbao from a late winner from Aritz Aduriz.

[11] On 18 August, Barça and Bayern Munich reached an agreement for the loan of Philippe Coutinho to the German side for the rest of the season with an option to buy for €120 million.

[12] On 25 August, Barça defeated Real Betis in a 5–2 home rout, goals from Antoine Griezmann, Carles Pérez, Jordi Alba, and Arturo Vidal led the Blaugrana to victory.

[14][15] On 2 September, Rafinha extended his contract by one year until 2021 and moved to Celta Vigo on loan for the rest of the season.

Goals from Ansu Fati, Frenkie de Jong, Gerard Piqué, and a brace from Luis Suárez once again led the Blaugrana to victory.

[18] On 21 September, Barça suffered a 2−0 away loss to Granada CF, conceding goals from Antonio Puertas and Álvaro Vadillo.

Luis Suárez, Arturo Vidal, Ousmane Dembélé and Lionel Messi (both with their first goals of the season) lead the Blaugrana to victory.

Goals from Antoine Griezmann, Lionel Messi, and Luis Suárez helped the Blaugrana extend their winning run to five games.

[30] On 27 November, Barcelona defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 in the UEFA Champions League, securing a spot in the round of 16 and finishing as group winners.

[33] On 10 December, a rotated Barcelona team defeated Inter Milan 2–1 away from home in the UEFA Champions League.

[38] On 28 December, Barcelona and Real Betis reached an agreement for the loan of Carles Aleñá for the remainder of the season.

The Blaugrana conceded early when David López nodded in a free kick but Barça made a comeback with goals from Luis Suárez and Arturo Vidal.

[42][43] On 15 January, Barcelona reached an agreement with FC Schalke 04 for the loan on Jean-Clair Todibo for the remainder of the season.

A second half goal from Messi saw Quique Setién win his first game in charge as a Barça coach.

Goals from Antoine Griezmann, Clément Lenglet, Arthur and a Leo Messi brace gave Barça a passage into the next round.

[48] On 31 January, Barcelona reached an agreement with OGC Nice for the loan of Moussa Wagué for the remainder of the season.

Goals from Sergio Canales and Nabil Fekir weren't enough for the home side as de Jong, Busquets and Lenglet scored for the away team.

Antoine Griezmann and Sergi Roberto scored, but Barça conceded a consolation from Ángel Rodríguez.

Barcelona was given permission from La Liga to sign an emergency forward as Luis Suárez and Ousmane Dembélé were both ruled out with injuries for the rest of the season.

[58] On 7 March, Barcelona defeated Real Sociedad 1–0 at home after Lionel Messi converted a late penalty.

The Catalans took the lead through a Diego Costa own goal but Atlético equalized with a controversial penalty, converted by Saúl.

[72] On 8 July, Barcelona defeated local rivals Espanyol 1–0 at home, relegating them to the Segunda División in the process.

[77] On 8 August, Barcelona defeated Napoli 3–1 at home in the second leg of their UEFA Champions League round of 16 tie.

[78] On 14 August, Barcelona's season ended after losing 8–2 to Bayern Munich in the UEFA Champions League single-leg quarter-final.