[3][4] Mohammad-Javad Jahromi was sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury because of his role in Internet censorship in Iran.
This study outlines the structure of Iran's Internet and provides a picture of control that is unparalleled anywhere in the world.
This consolidation of technologies means that Iran is in a unique position to exercise control over its citizens' Internet.
Iran's largest mobile network operators, including MCI, Rightel and Irancell, fell offline on the evening of 16 November.
There was a partial return of the Internet in eight Provinces (Ardebil, Golestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan and West Azarbaijan) at around 7pm on the 17th Nov but by 20 November,[18] national connectivity was at 5% of ordinary levels.
[19] According to the Monash IP Observatory, the only area that was not affected by the nationwide shut-down was the historical city of Bam in the Kerman province.
[18] On 23 November, NetBlocks reported that "Internet access is being restored in Iran and connectivity levels have risen to 64%".