An outbreak of the Sudan ebolavirus from 20 September 2022 until 10 January 2023 in the Western and Central Regions of Uganda infected over 160 people and killed 77.

[17] Given that this is significantly longer than any reported case of persistent infection in human survivors of ebolavirus infection,[18] this lends weight to the theory expressed by Kyobe Henry Bbosa, Ebola incident commander at Uganda's Ministry of Health, that this outbreak was caused by an unobserved spillover event from a wildlife reservoir.

Whilst the mobility of gold traders has been suggested to play a role in onward transmission from the site where the outbreak was first detected,[20] no direct evidence of this has been forthcoming.

[32] On 26 October, the Ugandan Ministry of Health confirmed that there were 6 cases in school-aged children who attended classes at 3 different schools in the Rubaga Division of Kampala.

[36] According to Jane Aceng, Uganda's health minister, local people initially believed the new Ebola outbreak was caused by witchcraft.

[7] Similarly, Médecins Sans Frontières has been supporting the Ministry of Health with deploying initial emergency response.

[40] On 6 October, the United States announced that they would begin screening air passengers from Uganda for cases of Ebola.

[43] On 17 October, president Museveni put Kampala under high response alert after two cases from Mubende reached the capital.

[45] Supply shortages, for example inadequate PPE, and limited food for those in quarantine have meant that patients and contacts have escaped isolation; interns have only been paid every three months, meaning they were unable to cope with the rising cost of living, all of which are important issues in the response to stem the epidemic.

[50] An independent fact-checking organization in Uganda has found that a lack of community education regarding disease spread is more widespread than "targeted misinformation", which Ugandan Health Minister Margaret Muhanga had cited, saying opposition politicized the Ebola outbreak.

[51] Museveni locked down Mubende and Kassanda districts on 15 October, one month after the first case was reported, but promised no national lockdowns akin to those deployed for COVID-19, even when the virus had spread to Kampala and killed upwards of 77 people in the capital.

[52][49] Some citizens claimed that the districts placed under lockdown were being deliberately punished for their support of opposition politician Bobi Wine and that police had beaten locals to enforce overnight curfews.