18 seats are elected by party-list proportional representation with a 5% electoral threshold, with the other half elected in 18 single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting.

Seats in the proportional part are allocated using the Imperiali quota, modified to ensure that every party list, which passes the threshold, receives at least one mandate ("Tyumen method").

The following parties were relieved from the necessity to collect signatures:[2] New People and RPPSS will take part in Penza Oblast legislative election for the first time, while several parties, who participated in the 2017 election, are absent from the ballot: The Greens, Party for Fairness!, Rodina and Party of Social Protection did not file.

18 single-mandate constituencies were formed in Penza Oblast with Penza divided between eight constituencies, Penzensky District, Tamalinsky District and Kuznetsk — each between two, while other administrative divisions were left intact.

Incumbent Senator Yulia Lazutkina (United Russia) was re-appointed to the Federation Council.