The 2023–24 season is FC Midtjylland's 25th season in existence, and its 23rd consecutive season in the Danish Superliga, the top tier of football in Denmark.

As a result of the club's seventh-place finish and playoff win during the 2022–23 Danish Superliga, it participated in the 2023–24 UEFA Europa Conference League and will also compete in the 2023–24 Danish Cup.

Midtjylland finished the 2023–24 season on top of the Danish Superliga, earning the club's fourth league title and qualified for the 2024–25 UEFA Champions League.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply.

Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.