The Labour Party and GroenLinks, which intend to form a joint parliamentary group, won a combined 14 seats.

The coalition parties were long expected to lose more seats in the 2023 Senate election, which would make it more difficult for the government to find majorities for important legislation.

[3] In June 2022, members of the PvdA and GroenLinks voted in favour of the formation of a joint Senate group after the 2023 election.

Its nitrogen bill has met resistance from several opposition parties including the Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB), which was founded in 2019 and entered the House of Representatives with one seat in 2021.

However, in early March 2023, PvdA and GroenLinks, as well as other left-wing parties, also announced their intention to vote against the nitrogen bill in the Senate.

[5] The government is also expected to face difficulty finding majorities for its climate legislation[6] and its bill for the distribution of asylum seekers.

Strategic voting of D66 and VVD electors resulted in extra seats for their coalition partners CDA and CU.