Elena Rybakina won the women's singles tennis title at the 2023 Italian Open after Anhelina Kalinina retired from the final with the scoreline at 6–4, 1–0.

Rybakina won three of her six matches at the tournament via retirement: over Anna Kalinskaya in the third round, Iga Świątek in the quarterfinals, and Kalinina in the final.

[1] Świątek was the two-time defending champion,[2] but retired in the quarterfinals against Rybakina due to a hip injury.

Świątek was attempting to be the first woman to win three consecutive titles in Rome since Conchita Martínez in 1995.

The event is not mandatory on the women's side and points from the 2022 Italian Open are included in the table below only if they counted towards the player's ranking as of 8 May 2023.