[9] At the age of 20 years, 8 months and 15 days, Alcaraz became the fourth-youngest man in Open Era history to reach all four major quarterfinals.

[16] He next faced Jannik Sinner for an eighth career meeting,[17] leveling the rivalry 4–4 by defeating him and therefore ending his 19 match win streak.

At the Miami Open, Alcaraz defeated Roberto Carballés Baena, Gaël Monfils, and Lorenzo Musetti in straight sets, but lost to Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals, ending his hopes of achieving the Sunshine Double.

[21][22] He returned to competition as the two-time defending champion in Madrid, defeating Alexander Shevchenko, Thiago Seyboth Wild, and Jan-Lennard Struff, before losing to Andrey Rublev in the quarterfinals.

[25] He defeated J. J. Wolf, Jesper de Jong, Sebastian Korda, Félix Auger-Aliassime and Stefanos Tsitsipas to reach the semifinals.

He defeated Ugo Humbert, Tommy Paul, and Daniil Medvedev, all in four sets, to reach his second consecutive Wimbledon final against Novak Djokovic.

[33] Alcaraz returned to the Roland-Garros stadium eight weeks after his French Open victory to participate for Spain in the 2024 Summer Olympic Games.

[34] Alcaraz and Nadal defeated the Argentinians Máximo González and Andrés Molteni, and the Dutchmen Tallon Griekspoor and Wesley Koolhof, in the first and second rounds.

In the men's singles competition, Alcaraz defeated Hady Habib, Griekspoor, Roman Safiullin, Paul and Auger-Aliassime to reach the final without dropping a set.

[37] He entered the final as favorite to win against Novak Djokovic, but lost to him in a straight sets defeat during which neither man dropped a game on serve.

"[47] Alcaraz joined the Spanish team as his country's top-ranked singles player for the group stage of the Davis Cup Finals, where Spain were drawn against the Netherlands and France.

He then played the final singles match of the tournament against Fritz, which he won in straight sets, thus securing the Laver Cup for Team Europe.

[57] Alcaraz then entered the Shanghai Open, where he defeated Shang Juncheng, Wu Yibing, and Gaël Monfils in straight sets.

[58] Alcaraz started his campaign at the 2024 Paris Masters with a win against Nicolás Jarry, before losing in three sets to Ugo Humbert in the round of sixteen.

Alcaraz was reportedly unwell during the 2024 ATP Finals but did not withdraw, beating Andrey Rublev but losing in straight sets to Zverev and Casper Ruud to exit the tournament in the round-robin stage.

He won his singles match against Tallon Griekspoor but lost in doubles alongside Marcel Granollers to Wesley Koolhof and Botic van de Zandschulp.

Spain were knocked out of the 2024 Davis Cup, ending Alcaraz's season and sending compatriot Rafael Nadal into retirement.