The unit continued the traditions of the 20th Uhlan Regiment of the Duchy of Warsaw, which fought in the 1812 French invasion of Russia.
Armed with either Austrian or German weapons, the regiment was made of both fresh recruits, and veterans of World War I, mostly from Austro-Hungarian Army.
On August 5, it was sent to recapture Łomża, but its 2nd Squadron was surrounded by the Soviets near the village of Kuleszka: two officers and 50 uhlans were KIA.
During the 1939 Invasion of Poland, the 20th Uhlan Regiment of King Jan III Sobieski was part of Kresowa Cavalry Brigade.
The regimental flag, funded by the residents of the Lands of Rzeszów and Ropczyce, was handed to the unit on October 11, 1921, by General Tadeusz Rozwadowski.