The Republicans lost two Senate seats, leaving the Democrats in control of the upper house with a 26–2 margin.

In the House, the Republicans lost ten seats, while the number of seats controlled by the Democrats increased by eleven, giving the Democrats a 61–20 edge.

The Legislature met for two regular sessions at the State Capitol in Phoenix.

[1][2] There were three Special Sessions: the first convened on October 4, 1955, and adjourned sine die on November 28;[2]: 423  the Second Special Session convened on November 28, 1955, and adjourned sine die on December 20;[2]: 443  and the Third Special Session convened on December 20, 1955, and adjourned sine die on January 7, 1956.

[1]: xvii–xxi The ** denotes Mrs. Weldon Bailey was appointed until Robert Hathaway was of legal age to serve.