Infanterie-Division was a German Army infantry division in World War II.

Serving on coastal defense duties and taking part in anti-partisan operations in Istria while continuing its training.

In mid-May 1944, the 278th division received orders to move to the battle area on the Adriatic for operational assignment to the 10th German Army.

Facing Lieutenant General Wladyslaw Anders’ Polish II Corps, Hoppe's division fought a ferocious defensive battle for the port city of Ancona from mid-June until early July 1944.

Later it was transferred to the 1st Parachute Corps defending the Brenner Pass where most of the division was encircled, the remainder later surrendered on the May 2, 1945 The division has been implicated in a number of war crimes in Italy between March and July 1944, with up to seven civilians executed in each incident.