The prime minister was İsmet İnönü of the Republican People's Party (CHP, than known as People’s Party).
İnönü was also the prime minister of the first government, but following a radical change in the structure of the government (the abolition of two critical ministries), İnönü formed his second government.
In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".
After the formation of a strong opposition, i.e., Progressive Republican Party (TCP), the president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk assigned Fethi Okyar, a moderate politician, as the prime minister, in his first effort to jump-start a multi-party democracy in Turkey.
Four members of this government were future prime ministers: Recep Peker, Refik Saydam, Celal Bayar, and Hasan Saka.