One battalion of the Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Otis B. Duncan, was engaged in pursuit of the retreating enemy far in advance, when halted by the Armistice.

Notably Lt. Col. Otis B. Duncan was awarded a Croix de Guerre of the 370th and was additionally the highest-ranking African-American officer to serve in World War I combat.

[9] The Victory Monument, created by sculptor Leonard Crunelle, was built to honor the service of Eighth Regiment of the Illinois National Guard during World War I.

[11][12] On 6 January 1941, the 184th Field Artillery Regiment was inducted into federal service at Chicago and moved to Fort Custer, Michigan.

It was activated in October 1942, along with the rest of the 92nd Infantry Division, ten months after the American entry into World War II.

After nearly two years of training, it departed the United States in July 1944 and arrived on the Italian Front, landing at Naples on 1 August, attached to the Task Force 42 of the 1st Armored Division.

It participated in the crossing of the Arno River, the occupation of Lucca and the penetration of the Gothic Line, in the pursuit of an enemy which was retreating from that area.

It was later attached to the 92nd Division in Task Force 45, the Fifth Army unit responsible for the Ligurian coastal sector, the left flank of Allied troops in Italy.

Elements of the 92nd Division entered La Spezia and Genoa on 27 April and took over selected towns along the Ligurian coast until the enemy surrendered, 2 May 1945.

[14] On the Italian Front, the Buffalo soldiers had an opportunity to make contact with men of many nationalities: beyond other segregated Americans like the Japanese descendants, they had contact with the also segregated troops of British and French colonial empires (Black Africans, Moroccans, Algerians, Indian and Nepali Gurkhas, and others) as well as with exiled Poles, Greeks and Czechs; anti-fascist Italians and the non-segregated troops of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force.

In 1947, elements of the former 184th Field Artillery were converted, reorganized, and redesignated as the 178th Infantry Regiment, with headquarters organized and federally recognized 31 March 1947 at Chicago.