It was then transferred on 25 October 1920, less enlisted personnel and equipment, to Fort Mason, California, and sailed on 5 November 1920 to the Philippines with officer cadre, records, and colors, aboard the USAT Thomas.

The regiment was most well-known for its participation in the Battle of the Philippines (1941-42) during World War II and their eventual surrender to Japanese forces on 10 April 1942.

[1] A Gold color metal and enamel device 1+1⁄4 inches (3.2 cm) in height consisting of a shield blazoned: Azure in sinister chief an abaca tree (Manila hemp plant) Proper in base a mullet of the field fimbriated Argent, on a canton of the last the Roman numeral X of the first behind which paleways a Roman sword in sheath Gules (for the 10th Infantry).

The Regiment was organized in 1917 at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, by transfer of personnel from the 10th Infantry.

The early station of the Regiment was the Philippines; this is indicated by the abaca tree which is a source of great wealth in the Islands and which grows native in no other place.