The 49th Missouri Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Federal) was an infantry unit from Missouri that served in the Union Army during the latter part of the American Civil War.

The regiment was organized in August and September 1864 at Warrenton, Missouri to serve for 12 months under Col. David Patterson Dyer.

In February, 1865 the regiment was brought together and moved south to participate in the Mobile Campaign, including the battle of Spanish Fort.

Most of the regiment was mustered out of service in August 1865 except for two companies that were retained at Eufaula, Alabama until December, 1865.

During its service the 49th Missouri Infantry Regiment lost 100 men, primarily due to disease.