The 4th Kentucky Infantry was organized on September 13, 1861, at Camp Burnett in Montgomery, Tennessee, under the command of Colonel Robert P. Trabue.
After organization and muster, the regiment moved north into Kentucky and camped at Bowling Green, where it remained until early 1862.
Ordered by Bragg to attack an area that division commander Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge had already reconnoitered and decided was to be too heavily defended, the First Kentucky Brigade nevertheless led the charge.
The First Kentucky Brigade took part in the Atlanta Campaign on May 7, 1864, when they left their winter camps and took up positions on Rocky Face Ridge.
The First Kentucky Brigade made an unsupported charge at the Battle of Dallas near New Hope Church, losing 51% of its strength.
The attack came to a halt at an unseen deep ravine, where the 4th Kentucky Infantry lost its original color-bearer, who had carried the flag since the beginning of the war.