The 4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in the Shanghai International Settlement at a shikumen residence in No.

A congress report was drafted by Chen Duxiu who represented the 3rd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Upon the formation of the First United Front between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1924, labour and peasant movements intensified throughout China, generating fears of revolution.

This included Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Qu Qiubai, Tan Pingshan, Zhou Enlai, Peng Shuzhi, Zhang Tailei, Chen Tanqiu, Li Weihan, Li Lisan, Wang Hebo, Xiang Ying, and Grigori Voitinsky.

Congress noted: "A classless society, in the event of a people's revolution, must oppose both left and right-leaning thoughts."

", and using propaganda to expand left-leaning factions of the party, attaining support from the moderates while opposing right-wing politics.