The 5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was convened from April 27 to May 9, 1927, in Wuhan, China.

It was held right after the Shanghai Massacre of Communists and sympathizers.

The Republic of China was the official government of China at the time, and the Communists were widely persecuted by the ruling Kuomintang.

The 5th National Congress set in motion the 5th Central Committee.

The first phase of the Chinese Communist Revolution (1921-1927) had ended, and the Chinese Civil War had begun.