It takes its name from the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment and is a public duties unit.

[1][2] In doing so the unit assumed the history of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, which preceded it and which fought in the American Civil War.

[4] The unit was raised on November 21, 2008, and designated the Massachusetts National Guard ceremonial unit, forming an honor guard at military funerals and other state functions.

[3] It was invited to march in President Barack Obama's inaugural parade.

[1][5] In 2023, members of the unit were present when Concord, Massachusetts honored the death of Private George Washington Dugan, who died while serving with the predecessor unit.