Its traditions were based on the 5th Uhlan Regiment, created in 1830, which fought in the November Uprising.

In January 1918, the squadron was reorganized into a regiment, which soon afterwards joined the Polish II Corps in Russia.

On May 12, 1918, after the Battle of Kaniów, the regiment was dissolved by the Germans, who sent its officers to Brest Fortress.

On the next day, they began forming the 5th Uhlan Regiment, which was at first based in Mińsk Mazowiecki.

In the summer 1944, the regiment was recreated by the Home Army, to fight in Operation Tempest.