The 70th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade was a Soviet Ground Forces mechanized infantry brigade of the Soviet–Afghan War.

The brigade was formed on 1 March 1980 in Kandahar from the 373rd Guards Motor Rifle Regiment of the 5th Guards Motor Rifle Division.

On 4 May 1985, it was awarded a second Order of the Red Banner for its actions in Afghanistan.

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became a Russian Ground Forces formation in May 1992.

In 2001, it was converted to the 17th Guards Motor Rifle Division, and became the 70th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in 2009.