[3] In the buildup to World War I, the United States Congress approved the formation of seventeen new National Guard divisions, numbered 26 through 42.

The states of Indiana, Kentucky, and West Virginia were chosen to provide units for the 38th Infantry Division.

[4] The division's organization and training were still in progress during the war's final offensive, so it was used to provide replacement soldiers for front line units.

The 1st Battalion, 152nd Infantry "Predators" were mobilized at Camp Atterbury, Indiana on 2 January 2003 and deployed to Kuwait in mid-February 2003.

The 1st Battalion, 152nd Infantry employed companies in Baghdad (initially in support of 5th Special Forces Group), Forward Operating Base Kalsu (approximately 30 miles south of Baghdad in the "Sunni Triangle"), and Convoy Service Center Scania, both of which were along Main Supply Route (MSR) Tampa.

The unit suffered at least four casualties, on 26 March 2005, four soldiers, Captain Michael T. Fiscus, Master Sergeant Michael T. Heister, Specialist Brett M. Hershey, and Private First Class Norman K. Snyder were killed when a mine detonated near their vehicle as they were traveling near Kabul.

[6] In October 2004, the 376th Engineer Company was mobilized for duty in Mosul, Iraq, in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

The 1st BN 293rd Infantry, also at Balad, was under the operational control of the 55th Sustainment Brigade and conducted convoy security missions throughout Central Iraq.

In November 2012, headquarters company returned from a nine-month deployment to Afghanistan, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.