It was created 4 April 1944 in Utsunomiya, simultaneously with the 44th and 86th divisions.
Because the troops were engaged in farming for self-sustenance, and of the pronunciation of the divisional call sign, the 81st division was also jokingly called "Agricultural division".
The division spent the time until the surrender of Japan 15 August 1945 building fortifications around Yūki, Ibaraki and did not engage in actual combat.
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