[4] HIV-related lymphomas are more likely to present with advanced stage disease, constitutional symptoms (also known as "B" symptoms; fever, weight loss, and night sweats), extranodal involvement, or disease involving unusual locations (such as the body cavity or soft tissue) than lymphomas in the HIV-negative population.
Unknown fever, cytopenias, tumor lysis syndrome (including lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase), and other isolated laboratory abnormalities (such as hypercalcemia) are observed in certain patients.
[13][14] All ages are affected by DLBCL, which typically manifests as a rapidly growing lymph node mass in the neck or abdomen.
[16] The second most prevalent NHL subtype that affects HIV-positive individuals with a comparatively high CD4 cell count is Burkitt's lymphoma.
[19] Thirty to forty percent of AIDS-related NHL cases are Burkitt's lymphoma subtype, which is most prevalent in HIV/AIDS patients.
[15] Furthermore, unlike HIV-negative PCNSL, patients typically present with multiple brain lesions and/or changes in mental status or focal neurologic symptoms.
[25] Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) originates from terminally differentiated, activated B-cells at the post-germinal center that are changing from immunoblasts to plasma cells.
[27][verification needed] Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most common cancers that do not indicate AIDS, and since highly active antiretroviral therapy was introduced, its incidence has increased.
[31] Thus, a variety of factors, such as a compromised immune system, genetic changes, viral infection, and persistent B cell activation, contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS-associated lymphoma.