The institute operates autonomously under the aegis of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

It was established in 2014 and the foundation stone was laid by then prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, on 15 July 2003.

The All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (Amendment) Bill, 2012, was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 27 August 2012.

[15] AIIMS – Bhubaneswar is divided into three sections: a hospital, medical college, and residential complex.

[17] 978-bed AIIMS Bhubaneswar was inaugurated by Union Health and Family Welfare Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad on 26 February 2014.

[18] The AIIMS Campus extends over 100 acres, consisting of the hospital complex and residential area.

The Academic Building also houses the offices of Director, Dean, Admin and other staff departments like Finance, Electric, Engineers and the central library.

A 500 Bed Patient Relative Resting Shelter "Dharamsala" supported by NALCO is also completed and will soon be opened for public use.

There is a plan to set up a satellite center of AIIMS Bhubneshwar at Balasore, on an area of about 25 acres (0.10 km2).

[25] The foundation stone for satellite centre at Balasore was laid on 25 August 2018 by Union Minister of Health J. P. Nadda.