In November 1923, the ANAS Central Library of Science began as the office of bibliography of the Azerbaijan Society of Research and Investigation (Azərbaycanı Tədqiq və Tətəbbö Cəmiyyəti) or ATTC.

It was supported by individuals including Nariman Narimanov, Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, Taghi Shahbazi, and Hanafi Zeynalli.

The Central Scientific Library was headed by SM Yahyazade, YITahirov, Nazim Akhundov, Rasim Kazimov, Mahbuba Hasanova, Amin Efendiyev, Aybaniz Aliyeva-Kangarli, Leyla Imanova, Mammad Aliyev in different years.

[3] On January 4, 2003, the president, Heydar Aliyev ratified the 54th item of the Article 5 of the Charter of ANAS, giving the library the status of a scientific institution.

Other entities such as the Azerbaijan Society of Petroleum Geologists, the Nakhchivan section of ANAS, and the National History Museum also keep collections in the library.

The Dissertation Hall provides a space for presentation and discussion of papers and proposals, especially those directed to the innovation department of the ANAS.