The Abaza rebellion was a group of uprisings that occurred in the 17th century in the Ottoman Empire during the reigns of Mustafa I (1622–23) and Murat IV (1623–40).
But unlike the other Jelali revolts the principal reason of the Abaza rebellion was the resentment towards the janissary corps.
The Ottoman sultan Osman II (1618–1622), who laid a siege on Khotyn (in modern Ukraine, then a part of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), could not capture the city.
According to historian Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, he was a consultant of Osman II in his efforts to abolish the janissaries.
Shortly after hearing the news about the assassination, he began expelling and even killing the janissaries on duty in his province.
Abaza escaped to Erzurum, and during the ensuing talks he was able to convince the Porte of his good intentions.
During the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639), the Safavid (Persian) army was threatening the Ottoman city Ahıska (modern Akhaltsikhe in Georgia) in August 1627.