Abijah Gilbert (June 18, 1806 – November 23, 1881) was an American politician who served one term as a United States Senator from Florida from 1869 to 1875.

Born in Gilbertsville, New York, Gilbert attended Gilbertsville Academy and entered Hamilton College (in Clinton, New York) in 1822 as a member of the class of 1826, but did not return the following year.

[1] He spent 1822 to 1850 engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York City before moving to St. Augustine, Florida in 1865.

He was elected to represent Florida in the United States Senate as a Republican, and served from 1869 to 1875 as part of the Reconstruction effort.

[2] Gilbert retired from business and political life after his Senate term ended while continuing to live in St. Augustine.