[2] During the quenching phase, the steel is heated to an above-critical temperature and is then rapidly cooled with water.
The steel is then re-heated to a below-critical temperature and air cooled, which is the tempering phase.
The indentation created by the steel ball is then measured and used to calculate Brinell hardness number (BHN).
[3] Standards for Brinell hardness testing are regulated by ASTM International under E10 specifications.
[5] Abrasion resistant steel is typically used in applications requiring high wear resistance, including backhoe buckets and teeth, bulldozer blades, dump truck beds, ore and coal chutes, augers and aggregate conveyors.