Administrative practices in running departments, due process in dismissal, faculty participation in university government, and freedom to teach are themes of the current uproar.
Philip Gleason agreed, noting that academic freedom in Catholic universities "will be insisted upon with growing vehemence by the working faculties – to say nothing of the student bodies.
Out of the eight papers, these three, with Manier's Introduction, make the most important contribution ...."[7] In the wake of growing pressure for academic freedom in Catholic universities, Pope Paul VI informally warned Jesuits: "in teaching and publications in all form of academic life a provision must be made for complete orthodoxy of teaching, for obedience to the magisterium of the church, for fidelity to the hierarchy and the Holy See.
This statement was repudiated by Pope John Paul II in 1990 in Ex corde Ecclesiae, which emphasized the apostolic constitution of Catholic universities.
[9] Nevertheless, the Vatican and the bishops were powerless to reverse the change in legal status that (beginning in the 1960s) made hundreds of Catholic universities independent of the Church.
is a question essential to determining how most American Catholic colleges and universities overcome their bland conformity to secular norms for curriculum, campus life, governance, and academic freedom.