Academic ranks in higher education in Australia and New Zealand derive from a common heritage in the British university system.
[2] In order to receive the title of Professor, the applicant must pass each university's minimum standards statements and promotion policies, which are derived from the Higher Education Academic Salaries award.
[citation needed] Some universities also expect leadership in developing the curriculum and in the teaching and management of staff and students.
Emeritus professor is a title bestowed upon a retired person who has rendered distinguished service to the university.
Continuing appointments at the lecturer level and above are similar to the permanent academic posts found in the United Kingdom, and generally involve a 3-5 year probationary period.