The medication history should be detailed and specifically include the use of thiazides, furosemide, estrogens, corticosteroids, sulfonamides, and opiates.
In the review of systems, obtain a complete description of any pain in the upper abdomen or epigastric area.
Symptoms that may be important in relation to pancreatic disorders are pruritus, abdominal pain, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting.
Vital signs may disclose low-grade fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypotension.
Specific blood studies used to assess pancreatic function include measurements of serum amylase, lipase, glucose, calcium, and triglyceride levels.