In mathematical optimization, the Ackley function is a non-convex function used as a performance test problem for optimization algorithms.
It was proposed by David Ackley in his 1987 PhD dissertation.
[1] The function is commonly used as a minimization function with global minimum value 0 at 0,.., 0 in the form due to Thomas Bäck.
While Ackley gives the function as an example of "fine-textured broadly unimodal space" his thesis does not actually use the function as a test.
dimensions, is defined as[2] Recommended variable values are