Active sensory systems

Teleceptive active sensory systems collect information by directing propagating energy and detecting objects using cues such as time delay and intensity of return signal.

[2] Active touching: Nocturnal animals depend on whiskers to navigate by gathering information about position, size, shape, orientation and texture of objects.

The slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum uses ammonia to probe the environment to avoid obstacles during formation of fruiting body.

[3] An important constraint in teleceptive active sensory systems is generating energy with return signal above threshold of detection.

In teleceptive active sensing, geometric spread cost is doubled, because signal is emitted and returned.

Environmental factors such as fog, rain and turbulence disturb signal transmission and decreases attenuation length.

Increase in length of appendages adds physical energy costs by adding weight during locomotion and investment for growth.

In return, killer whales produce more irregular, isolated sonar clicks to make less conspicuous signals.

[4] In case of barbeled dragonfish, it utilizes red light that other deep-sea fishes can't detect.

Jamming Avoidance Response: Conspecific signals interfere active sensing of individuals sharing habitats.