Adelicia Hayes Franklin Acklen Cheatham (March 15, 1817 – May 4, 1887) was an American planter and slave trader.

[1][2][3] Her parents were Northerners: her father was Oliver Bliss Hayes, a lawyer and later Presbyterian minister from South Hadley, Massachusetts.

[3] In 1839, at age 22, Hayes married Isaac Franklin, a wealthy, prominent 50-year-old slave trader and planter.

The couple had four children together: Victoria (1840–1846), Adelicia (1842–1846), Julius Caesar (1844–1844), and Emma Franklin (1844–1855), none of whom survived early childhood.

[3] In 1846, Franklin died, and Adelicia Franklin inherited the Fairvue Plantation in Gallatin, Tennessee; 8,700 acres (35 km2) in four cotton plantations in Louisiana; more than 50,000 acres (200 km2) of undeveloped land in Texas; stocks and bonds, and 750 enslaved African Americans, who had high value in the South.

Later, Adelicia Acklen married Dr. William Archer Cheatham (1820–1900), a physician and head of the Tennessee State Insane Asylum.

This became the nickname of the Louisiana State Penitentiary that was developed on these lands, where prisoners worked the fields for commodity and sustenance crops.