[1][2] He has served as the president of West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee (WBPCC) following the demise of Somendra Nath Mitra from 2020 to 2024.

[3] and previously from 2014 to 2018, Chairperson of Public Accounts Committee since 2019 till 2024, Minister of State of Railways from 2012 to 2014 and the member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from 1996 to 1999.

He won by a margin of 95,391 votes[12] and defeated his nearest rival, the sitting MP Pramothes Mukherjee of Revolutionary Socialist Party.

[5] In 2003, under Chowdhury's leadership, the Congress party won 23 out of 33 zilla parishad seats, 13 out of 26 panchayat samitis and 104 out of 254 village councils in Murshidabad.

According to a report in NDTV, Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury was given the job after the party failed to convince Rahul Gandhi.

[20] In a massive electoral upset, Chowdhury was defeated in INC's own bastion Berhampore by TMC fielded former cricketer Yusuf Pathan by more than 85,000+ votes in the 2024 Indian general election.