Adolf Lieben (3 December 1836 – 6 June 1914) was an Austrian Jewish chemist.

He was born in Vienna the son of Ignatz Lieben.

He studied at the University of Vienna, University of Heidelberg (Ph.D. 1856 with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen), and Paris, and subsequently held the positions of privat-docent at the University of Vienna (1861), and professor in the universities of Palermo (1863), Turin (1867), and Prague (1871).

From 1875 until his death he held the chair of general and pharmacological chemistry at the University of Vienna, and was a member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.

Lieben has published many essays in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie: