Sir Adolphus Oughton, 1st Baronet (c. 1685 – 4 September 1736), of Tachbrook, Warwickshire, was a British Army officer and politician.

He joined the British Army and was a captain and lieutenant-colonel in the 1st Foot Guards (1706), a 1st major and colonel in the Coldstream Guards (1715) and a lieutenant-colonel (1717) in the 8th Dragoons, of which regiment he assumed the colonelcy in 1733.

He had first married his cousin, Frances Wagstaffe, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Wagstaffe and the widow of Sir Edward Bagot, 4th Baronet, M.P., of Blithfield, Staffordshire.

He secondly married Elizabeth, the daughter of John Baber of Sunninghill, Berkshire.

He had no legitimate children and thus the baronetcy became extinct,[1] although he did however leave an illegitimate son, James Adolphus Dickenson Oughton, who became a lieutenant-general in the British Army.