Cherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast was established within the Russian SFSR on July 27, 1922, on the territories of Kuban-Black Sea Oblast primarily settled by the Adyghe people.

It was renamed Adyghe (Cherkess) Autonomous Oblast on August 24, 1922, soon after its creation.

The city of Maykop and surrounding areas were added to the Adyghe AO and Maykop designated the administrative center of the autonomous oblast in 1936.

Adyghe AO became part of Krasnodar Krai when it was established on September 13, 1937.

On April 28, 1962, the district of Tula, Krasnodar Krai, was added to the Adyghe AO and the autonomous region became its present form.