[1][2] It is characterized by a more or less severe disruption of the lactobacillary flora, along with inflammation, atrophy, and the presence of a predominantly aerobic microflora, composed of enteric commensals or pathogens.

The lack of acknowledgement of the difference between the two conditions might have led to inaccurate conclusions in several studies in the past.

Typically, patients have been treated several times with antimycotic and antibiotic drugs without relief.

[3] Aerobic vaginitis has been associated with several gynecological and obstetrical complications, including: The diagnosis is based on microscopic criteria.

Treatment is not always easy and aims at correcting the three key changes encountered in aerobic vaginitis: the presence of atrophy, inflammation and abnormal flora.