There have been several mutinies by African-Americans in the United States Armed Forces, often owing to racism against African Americans in the U.S. military.
At courts-martial, nineteen soldiers were executed, and forty-one were given life sentences.
The riot created a deep concern for black leaders who were not sure whether it was appropriate to praise an act of mutiny.
[1] An Australian historian claims to have uncovered information that in 1942, the 96th Engineer Battalion, an African-American battalion stationed in Townsville, Australia, mutinied in response to racial discrimination, firing 700 machine-gun rounds into occupied tents of white officers.
In 1945, the Freeman Field Mutiny, was a series of incidents at Freeman Army Airfield, a United States Army Air Forces base near Seymour, Indiana, in 1945 in which African American members of the 477th Bombardment Group attempted to integrate an all-white officers' club.