The shape and size of the horns distinguish African forest buffalo from the other subspecies.

Savannas are the area where the buffalo graze, while the marshes serve as wallows and help the animals handle insects.

[9] Consequently, their diet is primarily made up of grasses and other plants that grow in clearings and savannas.

Expansion and encroachment of the rainforest on the surrounding savannas and openings are major difficulties of maintaining the ecosystem.

[12] Large home ranges can be associated with less-productive habitats;[13] however, a larger area of open grassland has been observed to have a positive relationship with herd size.

[5][15] African forest buffalo arrange themselves into herds, which help in defense against predators; however, they are not immune to assault.

Among predators, the African leopard is the most common, but is generally only a threat to young buffaloes and will feast on them only when they have the opportunity.

[16] A herd of African forest buffalo typically consists of one or occasionally two bulls and a harem of adult females, juveniles and young calves.