The African pygmy squirrel (Myosciurus pumilio) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae.

It is found in tropical rainforests in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon.

They prefer lower levels of the canopy, and spend most of the time at heights up to five meters.

These pygmy squirrels have longer hind limbs than forelimbs, an arched profile skull, rooted cheek teeth, and ever growing incisors.

Generally arboreal squirrels have a polygamous mating system, where there is male-male competition for access to females.

A low-intensity alarm vocalization has been recorded and it is described as a "faint pipping sound", seeming to alert and call attention to nearby danger.

It is theorized that oily spores from microscopic fungus may be the primary substance these squirrels obtain from the bark.

Deforestation and habitat degradation is the main threat to this species, as it reduces where they live due to low population numbers and its specific ecology.

In western Central Africa there is poor environmental governance, illegal logging operation, population growth, and weak protection of the area are some of the threats these squirrels are experiencing.